Samsung Galaxy M12 phone comes with a 6.50-inch touchscreen display with a resolution of 720x1600 pixels and an aspect ratio of 20:9. The Samsung Galaxy M12 runs Android and is powered by a 6000mAh battery. the Samsung Galaxy M12 on the rear packs a quad-camera setup featuring a 48-megapixel primary camera with an f/2.0 aperture; a 5-megapixel camera with an f/2.2 aperture; a 2-megapixel camera with an f/2.4 aperture, and a 2-megapixel camera with an f/2.4 aperture. The rear camera setup has autofocus. It has a single front camera setup for selfies, featuring an 8-megapixel sensor with an f/2.2 aperture.

Samsung Galaxy M12 offers a lag-free multitasking experience with its 4GB RAM and Mali-G52 MP1 GPU. A Samsung Exynos 8 Octa 850 chipset along with an Octa-core 2GHz Cortex A55 processor looks after the overall performance of the device. The Samsung Galaxy M12 is a dual-SIM (GSM and GSM) smartphone that accepts Nano-SIM and Nano-SIM cards.

The Samsung Galaxy M12 measures 164.00 x 75.90 x 9.70mm (height x width x thickness) and weighs 221.00 grams. the Samsung Galaxy M12 includes Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, GPS, Bluetooth v5.00, USB Type-C, Wi-Fi Direct, 3G, and 4G Sensors on the phone include an accelerometer, ambient light sensor, proximity sensor, and fingerprint sensor.